Answer:
A quadrilateral whose two pairs of sides are parallel to each and the four angles at the vertices are not equal to the right angle, and then the quadrilateral is called a parallelogram. Also, the opposite sides are equal in length.
Here,
AD = BC (opposite sides)
AB = CD (opposite sides)
Sum of all the four angles = 360 degrees
Learn more about the parallelogram here.
The important properties of angles of a parallelogram are:
If one angle of a parallelogram is a right angle, then all the angles are right angles
Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal (or congruent)
Consecutive angles are supplementary angles to each other (that means they add up to 180 degrees)
Read more:
Area of Parallelogram
Lines And Angles Class 7
Parallel Lines Transversals Angle
Perimeter of Parallelogram
Opposite Angles of a Parallelogram
In the above parallelogram, A, C and B, D are a pair of opposite angles.
Therefore, ∠A = ∠C and ∠B = ∠D
Also, we have different theorems based on the angles of a parallelogram. They are explained below along with proofs.
Opposite Angles of a Parallelogram are equal
Theorem: Prove that the opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal.
Given: Parallelogram ABCD.
To prove: ∠B = ∠D and ∠A =∠C
Proof:
In the parallelogram ABCD,
AB || CD and AD || BC
Consider triangle ABC and triangle ADC,
AC = AC (common side)
We know that alternate interior angles are equal.
∠1 = ∠4
∠2 = ∠3
By ASA congruence criterion, two triangles are congruent to each other.
Therefore, ∠B = ∠D and ∠A =∠C
Hence, it is proved that the opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal.
Consecutive Angles of a Parallelogram
Theorem: Prove that any consecutive angles of a parallelogram are supplementary.
Given: Parallelogram ABCD.
To prove: ∠A + ∠B = 180 degrees, ∠C + ∠D = 180 degrees
Proof:
AB ∥ CD and AD is transversal.
We know that interior angles on the same side of a transversal are supplementary.
Therefore, ∠A + ∠D = 180°
Similarly, ∠B + ∠C = 180°, ∠C + ∠D = 180° and ∠A + ∠B = 180°.
Therefore, the sum of any two adjacent angles of a parallelogram is equal to 180°.
Hence, it is proved that any two adjacent or consecutive angles of a parallelogram are supplementary.
If one angle is a right angle, then all four angles are right angles:
From the above theorem, it can be decided that if one angle of a parallelogram is a right angle (that is equal to 90 degrees), then all four angles are right angles. Hence, it will become a rectangle.
Since the adjacent sides are supplementary.
For example, ∠A, ∠B are adjacent angles and ∠A = 90°, then:
∠A + ∠B = 180°
90° + ∠B = 180°
∠B = 180° – 90°
∠B = 90°
Similarly, ∠C = ∠D = 90°
Solved Examples
Example 1:
In the adjoining figure, ∠D = 85° and ∠B = (x + 25)°, find the value of x.
Solution:
Given,
∠D = 85° and ∠B = (x + 25)°
We know that opposite angles of a parallelogram are congruent or equal.
Therefore,
(x + 25)° = 85°
x = 85° – 25°
x = 60°
Hence, the value of x is 60.
Example 2: Observe the below figure.
Find the values of x, y and z.
Solution:
From the given figure,
y = 112° {since the opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal)
z + 40° + 112° = 180° {the sum of consecutive angles is equal to 180°}
z = 180° – 112° – 40° = 28°
Also, x = 28° {x and x are alternate angles)
Therefore, x = 28°, y = 112° and z = 28°.
Example 3:
Two adjacent angles of a parallelogram are in the ratio 4 : 5. Find their measures.
Solution:
Given,
The ratio of two adjacent angles of a parallelogram = 4 : 5
Let 4x and 5x the angles.
Then, 4x + 5x = 180° {the sum of two adjacent angles of a parallelogram is supplementary}
9x = 180°
x = 20°
Therefore, the angles are 4 × 20° = 80° and 5 × 20° = 100°.
