Answer:
What do we mean by variables being related to each other? Fundamentally, it means that the values of variable correspond to the values of another variable, for each case in the dataset. In other words, knowing the value of one variable, for a given case, helps you to predict the value of the other one.
Explanation:
When two variables are related, it is often possible to describe in simple terms the manner of the relationship. In Example 11.1, one might say that the variables are positively related, because the two variables tend to be both high at the same time or both low at the same time.
