How do volcanic eruptions trigger tsunami?

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During eruptions, volcanic tsunamis can be caused by underwater explosions and shock waves caused by large explosions - even ones that occur above the waterline. Shock waves coupling with sea waves can produce tsunamis up to three meters in height.

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Answer:

Violent volcanic eruptions represent also impulsive disturbances, which can displace a great volume of water and generate extremely destructive tsunami waves in the immediate source area. According to this mechanism, waves may be generated by the sudden displacement of water caused by a volcanic explosion, by a volcano's slope failure, or more likely by a phreatomagmatic explosion and collapse/engulfment of the volcanic magmatic chambers.

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