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Each year natural disasters kill thousands of people and inflict billions of dollars in economic losses. No nation or community is immune to their damage. In 1989, two disasters, Hurricane Hugo and the San Francisco area's Loma Prieta earthquake, caused direct losses of approximately $15 billion and indirect losses of $30-45 billion. Ninety people were killed, and more than a year later, thousands remained homeless as a result of these two events.
The World Health Organization estimates that between 1964 and 1983 natural disasters throughout the world killed nearly 2.5 million people and left an additional 750 million injured, homeless, or otherwise harmed. Unless action is taken to reduce the toll of natural disasters, these statistics can only be expected to rise as populations increase and concentrate in vulnerable urban and coastal areas.
The scientific and technological advances of the last half century provide unprecedented opportunities for responding to the urgent need to mitigate the impacts of natural hazards. Recognizing this fact, Dr. Frank Press, President of the National Academy of Sciences, proposed an international decade to address natural disaster reduction at the Eighth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering in 1984. In 1987, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution declaring the 1990s the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR), “a decade in which the international community will pay special attention to fostering cooperation in the field of natural disaster reduction.” The U.S. Senate and House of Representatives endorsed the Decade concept in resolutions passed the following year. In 1989, the U.S. National Committee for the Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction was formed at the request of the federal government to develop a Decade program for the nation.
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