Answer:
1.Hard structural/engineering options use structures constructed on the beach (seawalls, groynes, breakwaters/artificial headlands) or further offshore (offshore breakwaters). These options influence coastal processes to stop or reduce the rate of coastal erosion.
2.Planting or replacement of appropriate species of vegetation to assist in the stabilization of dunes, bluffs or banks. - Groins, detached seawalls, anti-sea erosion bunds can be formed using sand-filled Geo-synthetic Tubes / Bags. - These materials are available under various trade names.
