Sagot :
Answer:
Electric Potential Energy:
The potential energy of the charge in the electric field is given by U=qφ" role="presentation" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.66px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; position: relative;">U=qφU=qφ, where q is the charge and φ" role="presentation" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 18.34px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; position: relative;">φφ is the electric potential corresponding to the electric field.
Answer and Explanation: 1
The electron potential energy is given by:
U=eφ" role="presentation" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 18.34px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; position: relative;">U=eφU=eφ
If the electron moves from the point of high potential to a point of low potential, its potential energy increases since the electron is negatively charged, therefore, the point of low potential will have negative energy, which is smaller in magnitude, therefore larger in quantity than the energy the electron energy at the point of higher potential.
Mathematically, the change in potential energy of the electron is:
ΔU=e(φ2−φ1)" role="presentation" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 18.34px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; position: relative;">ΔU=e(φ2−φ1)ΔU=e(φ2−φ1)
The problem stated that
φ1>φ2" role="presentation" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 18.34px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; position: relative;">φ1>φ2φ1>φ2, since electron moves from higher to lower potential. Then
φ2−φ1<0" role="presentation" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 18.34px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; position: relative;">φ2−φ1<0φ2−φ1<0
We also know that e=−1.6×10−19 C" role="presentation" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 18.34px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; position: relative;">e=−1.6×10−19 Ce=−1.6×10−19 C is the charge of the electron and it is negative. Then, for the change in potential energy, we have:
ΔU=(−1.6×10−19 C)×(φ2−φ1)>0" role="presentation" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 18.34px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; position: relative;">ΔU=(−1.6×10−19 C)×(φ2−φ1)>0ΔU=(−1.6×10−19 C)×(φ2−φ1)>0, because the product of two negative numbers is a positive number.
