Answer:
In order for a current to flow, the circuit must be closed in other words, there must be an uninterrupted path from the power source, through the circuit, then back to the power source. Voltage is sometimes called electric potential and is measured in volts.
•Electric current is the flow of electrons through a complete circuit of conductors. It is used to power everything from our lights to our trains.
In these activities, students will explore different kinds of circuits and investigate what is required to make a complete circuit.
Objectives:
•Describe the components required to complete an electric circuit.
•Demonstrate the different ways to complete a circuit (parallel or series).
•Identify how electricity is used in household appliances.
•Describe the relationship between an electron and current electricity.
Materials:
•see individual activities for materials.
Electricity is used to operate your cell phone, power trains and ships, run your refrigerator, and power motors in machines like food processors. Electric energy must be changed to other forms of energy such as heat, light or mechanical in order to be useful.
Everything we see is made up of tiny little parts called atoms. The atoms are made of even smaller parts called protons, electrons and neutrons. An atom usually has the same number of protons (which have a positive charge) and electrons (which have a negative charge). Sometimes electrons can be moved away from their atoms.
Electric current is the movement of electrons through a wire. Electric current is measured in amperes (amps) and refers to the number of charges that move through the wire per second.
In order for a current to flow, the circuit must be closed; in other words, there must be an uninterrupted path from the power source, through the circuit, then back to the power source.
Series Circuit (bottom)
Voltage is sometimes called electric potential and is measured in volts. The voltage between two points in a circuit is the total energy required to move a small electric charge from one point to the other, divided by the size of the charge.
Resistance is measured in ohms and refers to the forces that oppose the flow of electron current in a wire. We can use resistance to our benefit by transforming the electrical energy lost in a resistor into heat energy (like in an electric stove), light energy (a light bulb), sound energy (radio), mechanical energy (electric fan), or magnetic energy (an electromagnet). If we want current to flow directly from one point to another, we should use a wire that has as little resistance as possible.
A neat analogy to help understand these terms: a system of plumbing pipes.
•Voltage is equivalent to the water pressure that pushes water out into the pipe
•Current is equivalent to the rate of the water flow
•Resistance is kind of like the pipe width – the thinner the pipe, the higher the resistance, and the harder it is for the water the flow through.
In this series of activities, students will experiment with wires, batteries, and switches to create their own electric circuits, while learning about voltage, current, and resistance at the same time.
Explanation:
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