The Central Dogma of Protein Synthesis
From existing DNA to make new DNA (DNA replication)
The unzipping is done by an enzyme called helicase. And results in the formation of a replication fork. The separated strands each provide a template for creating a new strand of dna.
From DNA to make new RNA (transcription)
During transcription, the DNA of a gene serves as a template for complementary base-pairing, and an enzyme called RNA polymerase II catalyzes the formation of a pre-mRNA molecule, which is then processed to form mature mRNA
From RNA to make new proteins (translation)
The mRNA is then pulled through the ribosome; as its codons encounter the ribosome's active site, the mRNA nucleotide sequence is translated into an amino acid sequence using the tRNAs as adaptors to add each amino acid in the correct sequence to the end of the growing polypeptide chain
Each amino acid is delivered to the ribosome by a transfer RNA? molecule depending on the code in the messenger RNA. These amino acids are added in sequence to form a chain of amino acids. After the last amino acid is added to the chain, it folds up to form the final protein.
