Answer:
Dark reaction is also called carbon-fixing reaction. It is a light-independent process in which sugar molecules are formed from the carbon dioxide and water molecules. ... Plants capture the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through stomata and proceed to the Calvin cycle.
The Calvin cycle has three main steps: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration. Carbon fixation or сarbon assimilation is the process by which inorganic carbon (particularly in the form of carbon dioxide) is converted to organic compounds by living organisms. ... "Fixed carbon", "reduced carbon", and "organic carbon" may all be used interchangeably to refer to various organic compounds.
Reduction is considered a reduction because NADPH must donate its electrons to a three-carbon intermediate to make G3P.Regeneration having all of the photosynthesis process occur withing the same structure (chloroplast) increases efficiency because the products of the light reactions do not have to travel very far to reach the calvin cycle.
Others;
The Calvin cycle has three stages. In stage 1, the enzyme RuBisCO incorporates carbon dioxide into an organic molecule. In stage 2, the organic molecule is reduced. In stage 3, RuBP, the molecule that starts the cycle, is regenerated so that the cycle can continue.
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