how does an atom gain electron?

Atoms and chemical species lose or gain electrons when they react in order to gain stability. Thus, typically, metals lose electrons to non-metals, thereby forming positive ions. The number of electrons depends on their position on the Periodic table.

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Some atoms have nearly eight electrons in their valence shell and can gain additional valence electrons until they have an octet. When these atoms gain electrons, they acquire a negative charge because they now possess more electrons than protons. Negatively charged ions are called anions.20 May 2018

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