Answer:
El Niño is characterized by a positive ONI greater than or equal to +0.5°C. La Niña is characterized by a negative ONI less than or equal to -0.5°C. Whenever the ONI is between +0.5 and -0.5, conditions are referred to as ENSO-neutral.
El Niño occurs when the trade winds are weaker than normal, and La Niña occurs when they are stronger than normal. Both cycles typically peak in December.
The terms El Niño and La Niña refer to periodic changes in Pacific Ocean sea surface temperatures that have impacts on weather all over the globe. ... El Niño (the warm phase) and La Niña (the cold phase), typically last for 9-12 months each, but in rare cases can last over multiple years.
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