Whether it's a gaming system or a home PC, the five main components that make up a typical, present-day computer include:
A motherboard
A Central Processing Unit (CPU)
A Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), also known as a video card
Random Access Memory (RAM), also known as volatile memory
Storage: Solid State Drive (SSD) or Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
In terms of construction, each of these main components are attached to the motherboard and then put into a protective case—resembling the clean, polished look most of us are accustomed to seeing.
Sure, most computers have their own distinct design - and different brands of hardware installed - but the components listed above are standard across all computers.